The Fight to Protect Creativity: Patent Law and the Paralegal2

By: Cecily Kellogg
Job Outlook and Salary

The ever-increasing level of piracy and counterfeiting costs U.S. businesses substantial revenue annually. As such, businesses have to be just as vigilant in protecting its intangible "intellectual" assets as it would be in protecting its physical assets. Paralegals that specialize in patent law can expect to find work quickly and easily; it's anticipated that it will be years before supply catches up to demand.

Traditional paralegals usually start earning about $25,000, and with experience can top out at about $60,000 annually. But patent paralegals start at a much higher salary—usually about $35,000, and with experience can earn as much as $70,000 or $80,000 a year—more than twice the national average for paralegals. You won't find a more satisfying or rewarding paralegal specialization.

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The Fight to Protect Creativity: Patent Law and the Paralegal1

By Cecily Kellogg
Patent administration is one of fastest growing and highest paid areas of legal administration. Qualified patent paralegals (also called patent specialists or patent secretaries) are in high demand—and can earn up to 50% more than the average paralegal!

Patent, Copyrights, Trademarks—oh my!

A patent is "a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an invention." The procedure for granting patents can vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements. Basically, it boils down to this: a patent application must include one or more claims defining the invention, and the invention must be new, inventive, and useful or industrially applicable. Once the patent is in hand, the inventor has exclusive rights over the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of the invention.

But patents are not the only ways to protect "intellectual property" (known often as IP). There is also the Trademark, which is a mark (™) used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify the origin or ownership of goods, and the Copyright (©), which guarantees a person’s exclusive right to reproduce, publish, or sell his or her original literary, musical, dramatic, artistic, or architectural work. Patent paralegals are experts in all the various ways that IP is protected.

What Does a Patent Paralegal Do?

A patent paralegal works with one or more patent attorneys or agents, and handles all the administrative work involved in the long and complex process of patenting inventions, either at a law firm or within the patent department of a corporation or university. The job description of a paralegal with a patent specialty includes research on patents and helping to draft patent applications. It may also be necessary to perform research for litigation proceedings in a patent paralegal job.

It's a profession that requires intelligence, initiative and good organizational skills—and patience! Unspecialized paralegals cannot do this work; it requires specific and substantial training. There might be a lot to learn to become a patent paralegal, but it's worth it—experienced patent paralegals are often given a great deal of responsibility for day-to-day patent matters, and with that comes a plenty of respect and a hefty paycheck.

How Do I Specialize in Patent Law as a Paralegal?

Obviously, you can't begin to work as a patent paralegal without first becoming a paralegal. Paralegal programs include either a two-year associate degree programs (by far the most common way to become a paralegal) as well as Bachelor degree programs with a certification program.

Because of the high demand for paralegals that specialize in patent law, many paralegal programs are including additional courses to allow individuals to specialize in this exciting field. Paralegals can also apprentice with a patent attorney, but the fastest way into the field is by pursuing the specialization with your paralegal coursework.

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New York New York3

By: Kamyar Shah
The New York Public Library is one of the largest public library systems in the country. Among its collection are the first five folios of Shakespeare's plays, ancient Torah scrolls, and Alexander Hamilton's handwritten draft of the United States Constitution.

One in every three users of mass transit in the U.S. and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in New York or its suburbs. New York is the only city in the United States where more than half of all households do not own a car.

New York City is the top international air passenger gateway to the United States. Three major airports, Kennedy (also known as JFK), Newark, and LaGuardia serve the area.

New York is one of the most energy-efficient cities in the United States. New York City is a world-renowned cultural and economical epicenter.

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New York New York 2

By: Kamyar Shah
New York City is most often associated with its skyline of skyscrapers. These include the Woolworth Building, the Chrysler Building, the Seagram Building and the Conde` Nast Building, and important example of green design in American skyscrapers.

Roughly 40 million foreign and American tourists visit New York City each year. Popular destinations include the Empire State Building, Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty, Broadway theatre productions, scores of museums such as the El Museo del Barrio, Washington Square Park, the Bronx Zoo and New York Botanical Garden, luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues, and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village, the Tribeca Film Festival and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage.

New York's food culture has been influenced by the city's immigrants and is as diverse as the city. Famous foods originating from the city are bagels, cheesecake and New York style pizza.

The city is comprised of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. The Bronx is the city's northernmost borough and the site of the Yankee Stadium. It is also the birthplace of rap and hip hop cultures. Brooklyn is the city's most populous borough and was an independent city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural diversity, independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods and unique architectural heritage. The country's earliest amusement park, Coney Island is also here. Manhattan is the most densely populated borough and is home to most of the city's skyscrapers. The borough contains the major business and financial center of the city and attractions including Madison Square Garden. Queens is geographically the largest borough and most ethnically diverse county in the United States. The borough is mainly residential and middle class. Queens is home to Shea Stadium, home of the New York Mets. Staten Island is the most suburban of the five boroughs. Until 2001, the borough was home to the Fresh Kills Landfill, formerly the largest landfill in the world, which is now being reconstructed as one of the largest urban parks in the U.S.

The Big Apple, as New York is commonly known, is home to sports teams in each of the major American professional sports leagues. Baseball is the city's most closely watched sport. The city's two MLB teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets, which enjoy a fierce rivalry. There are also two minor league baseball teams in the city, the Staten Island Yankees and the Brooklyn Cyclones. The city is represented in the NFL by the New York Jets and New York Giants. The New York Rangers are the city's National Hockey League team and the city is also home to the headquarters of the NHL and NFL, both based in Manhattan. The New York Knicks are the city's NBA team.

Not commonly known as a college town, New York is still home to about 594,000 university students. The City University of New York is the nation's third largest public university system. New York is also home to such notable private universities as Columbia University, New York University, Polytechnic University, St. John's University, The Cooper Union, Pace University, New York Institute of Technology, Fordham University and Manhattan College. The city also has dozens of other private colleges and universities.

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New York New York1

By Kamyar Shah
New York is officially named the City of New York and is the most populous city in the United States of America. Its business, finance, trading, law and media organizations are influential around globe. The city is one of the world's most important cultural centers with hundreds of world-class museums, galleries and performance venues. New York is also home of the United Nations and is one of the world's major venues for international diplomacy

New York City is a global hub of international business and commerce and is one of three command centers for the world economy, alongside London and Tokyo. The city is a major center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts in the U.S. Additional sectors include the television and film industry, second largest in the country after Hollywood; medical research and technology; non-profit institutions and universities; and fashion. Real estate is a major force in the city's economy. The total value of all New York City property was $802.4 billion. The highest-listed market value in the city is the Time Warner Center, valued at $1.1 billion.

The city's stock exchanges are among the most important in the world. The New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ are the world's first and third largest stock exchanges, respectively. Many major corporations have headquarters in New York and the city is unique among other American cities for its large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.

Industries such as new media, advertising, design and architecture account for a growing share of employment. High-tech industries like bioscience, software development, game design, and Internet services are also growing.

Manufacturing accounts for a large, although declining, share of employment. Garments, chemicals, metal products, processed foods and furniture are some of the principal products.

New York is a global center for the television, advertising, newspaper and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in the U.S. Some of the conglomerates include Time Warner, the News Corporation, the Hearst Corporation and Viacom. Six of the world's top ten global advertising agencies are headquartered in New York.

Two nationally daily newspapers in the U.S. are New York papers, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times. Other newspapers in the city are The New York Daily and The New York Post. The city also has a major ethnic press with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages. El Diario La Prensa is a Spanish newspaper and The New York Amsterdam News is a prominent African-American newspaper. Four major broadcast networks are also headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC. Cable channels including MTV, Fox News, HBO, and Comedy Central are also based in the city.

Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather- Tom Wolfe. The city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes. In the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions such as the famed Carnegie Hall and Metropolitan Museum of Art. Broadway productions are a mainstay of the New York theatre scene. The city's 39 largest theatres are collectively known as Broadway. The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts includes Jazz at Lincoln Center, the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the New York Philharmonics and the New York City Ballet and is the largest performing arts center in the U.S.

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Alcohol ETG Urine Test

By Tarun Gupta
Since decades, simple urine tests and breathalyzers were used to detect if one has consumed alcohol recently but no method was able to answer if one has taken alcohol last week! This is because, alcohol dissipates itself from the system in a matter of hours, and no one gets to know if you had that kickin’ drink at the party last weekend! But now, to the utter despair of those all-time boozers, the brainy chaps-in-the-labs have come up with a new protocol, which is being tagged as "gold standard of alcohol testing" for this can tell if someone has taken alcohol in the near past! This latest method works on the concept of Alcohol Biomarkers.

Alcohol biomarkers are the physiological compounds that are produced when alcohol is metabolized the by the body. They are used as an indication of consumption of alcohol. Researchers have reported two types of biomarkers - Indirect and Direct. Indirect biomarkers are the traditional alcohol biomarkers, which suggest heavy alcohol consumption by detecting the toxic effects that alcohol may have had on various organs or body chemistry. Direct biomarkers are the biomarkers that are produced as byproduct during the alcohol metabolism. One such direct biomarker is ETG i.e. Ethyl Glucuronide which forms the basis of this latest alcohol detection method which is also known as The ETG test. This test serves as a measure to trace out those individuals who are legally prohibited from consuming alcohol, either by the law or by their employer.

The Alcohol ETG Urine Test is a biomarker test that detects the presence of ethyl glucuronide in the urine samples. Actually, alcohol, when metabolized by the liver, forms ethyl glucuronic acid i.e. when someone consumes alcohol, in the liver, a compound called glucuronic acid reacts with it and forms Ethyl glucuronide as a metabolite. Alcohol dissipates within few hours but ETG particles remains in the system for as long as 80 hours, so a Friday night party can get you in trouble even on Monday morning! In some cases this test can also detect ETG markers even after 5 days of consuming alcohol. This amazing sensitivity makes this method most suitable to be applied in a diverse array of situations to find illegal, long term alcohol consumption. No wonder, since its instauration, the alcohol test has gained wide popularity & acceptance all across the globe. Nowadays, this test is also conducted widely in the corporate world to profile the alcohol habits and use of illicit drugs by their prospective employees.

Although this test has been proved to be able to detect alcohol usage for as long as 80 hours but still, it has got some booby traps! This test "can not distinguish in between the beer and the purell" says the director of federal Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT). It doesn’t bother to find out why and how the ETG has been produced or the identity of the real substance abuse which has been metabolized to produce ETG. If it detects ETG, it will simply label you as an inebriate! So, it may get you in trouble for no fault of yours! Moreover, there are no known threshold levels determined for ETG that can distinguish between the incidental exposure and the intentional consumption of alcohol.

Still, if the medication profile of a person is known, this test can greatly facilitate alcohol detection in those individuals who are legally prohibited from consuming alcohol, either by the law or by their employer!

This Article is written by Tarun Gupta, the author of TestCountry Alcohol FAQ, a longer version of this article is located at Alcohol ETG Urine Test, and resources from other home health and wellness testing sources are used such as Digital Alcohol Breath Analyzer Device.

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