Alabama Lemon Laws

By: Amit Raju
A Lemon Law refers to those laws which have been enacted by the government to give a legal remedy to the consumers, who are purchasing consumer items for their personal or household uses. Such laws have been enacted by both the Federal as well as the State governments. The Alabama Lemon Law refers to the respective law of the state.

In the state of Alabama lemon law gives legal remedies to all those buying within the state of Alabama, any consumer items exceeding the value of US $ 25. Therefore, if you end purchasing a "lemon", i.e. a defective consumer product, including a used car, you can approach a good lemon law attorney, practicing within the state, to represent your case.

A good lawyer will read the state law along with the provisions laid down by the Federal Lemon Law, known as the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.

The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act is applicable to any consumer product which has a value of US $ 25, or above. The Act states that any such consumer products sold, must comply with the guaranties and conditions, if any, expressed over it.

To make this a possibility, the state lemon law, in consultation with the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, has given various definitions.

Therefore, according to Chapter 20A of the Motor Vehicle Lemon Law Rights, a "consumer" is anybody who purchases a new or a previously untitled motor vehicle, for personal use, and not for resale.

The Act further defines a "motor vehicle" as any self-propelled vehicle primarily for operation and use in public highways, excluding a "motor home" or one having a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 pounds or more.

An "express warranty" means any written promise labeled on a motor vehicle offered for sale, as to its performance, including any terms or conditions precedent to the enforcement of the promise.

Therefore, as per the state of Alabama lemon law, a consumer can exercise his legal options and give a written notice to the manufacturer or the dealer of a motor vehicle, in case of its nonconforming condition.

However, to use this resort, the consumer must keep written records and receipts of all the places from where he tried to rectify its machinery parts. Furthermore, the vehicle should have been subjected to normal usage only, and it should not have been involved in any accidents, etc.

The notice can be served within one year ending after the original delivery of the motor vehicle to the consumer, or the first 12,000 miles, whichever occurs earlier. And the manufacturer or the dealer shall be obligated to rectify the condition, within 14 working days, along with a refund of the consumer's repairing expenses including the attorney's fees, if any.

The Alabama used car lemon law also comes under the purview of the same Act. The consumer must check all repairing details and the alteration receipts, if any, before purchasing a used car.

Therefore, the Alabama Lemon Law is comprehensive in protecting the genuine consumers' interests, while purchasing a consumer item, including even a used car within the state.

Amit Raju owns and operates http://www.alemonlaw.com, focusing on Lemon Laws in various parts of the country.

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Hummer Limousine Hire & UK Laws2

By: R S Rana
Most Enforcement Officers, Council Staff, Hummer Limo Passengers, Limo Drivers, Limousine Companies etc are not aware of the whole of the above Info. But you the Reader are now fully aware, Knowledge is Power.

WHAT TO DO NEXT

So if you wish to book and ride legally in Super-Longbody Limousines and travel with 8 - 16 passengers on your Special Day Out, you have TWO OPTIONS.

OPTION 1: Is to book two separate 8-seater Limousines to carry your Guests and forget about the Big 16-Seater Super-Longbody Limousines. This however is no fun at all, as your Group is sadly being split into two, so that they cannot travel in a Party Atmosphere or talk to half of their Friends and also it will cost you more to hire TWO Limos instead of one.

OPTION 2: Is to carry up to 16 passengers in a Single Limousine. The way to do this legally is to book the Limousine from a Limo Rental Company and then separately find a Qualified Professional Driver for your Hummer Limousine Hire independently elsewhere.

THAT IS WHY WE ARE HERE

We will find a Professional, Fully Experienced, Well Qualified Limousine Chauffeur to assist you on your Special Day (at no charge to you).

THIS IS A FREE SERVICE

Just email us and we will find a Fully Qualified Professional Limousine Driver for you. For more clarification or assistance - please do not hesitate to contact us.

FREE HUMMER LIMOUSINE DRIVER SELECTION

All of the Limousine Chauffeurs we source have over 10 - 20 years Chauffeur-Drive Experience and are well qualified to assist you on any Special Occasion (Wedding Hire, Hen-Nights, Children's Birthday Parties, Airport Transfers, Corporate Events etc).

On receipt of your request, one of the Limo Chauffeurs will contact you to Guarantee his availability on your Chosen Day and to provide his contact Telephone Number. He will also contact your Limo Hire Company for you and confirm to them that he is your Designated Driver for that day.

PLEASE NOTE: These Drivers will be supplying their time to you the Hirer directly for pleasure/fun purposes, on a strictly UNPAID basis.

No Private Hire or Hire & Reward Scenario therefore is applicable and the Hirer will be requested by the Driver to sign an agreement form confirming this, when he arrives on the hire date before the journey can commence, ie. that the hire is for strictly Social Domestic and Pleasure use only and not in the course of any kind of Business Use.

The author does not represent or warrant the accuracy or reliability of the above information and will not be liable for any errors or omissions

Ram has been supplying VIP Limousine Rental in the UK since 1988. He currently operates Hummer Limousine rental and specializes in Hummer Limo Hire and owns the Oldest Established SuperStretch Limousine Hire Company In Europe called AA STRETCH LIMOUSINES.

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Hummer Limousine Hire & UK Laws1

By: R S Rana
"THE LAW IS AN ASS"

AUTHOR: Charles Dickens (1812–70) Oliver Twist, Chapter 51. First published serially 1837–1839

SUBJECT: The Law

QUOTATION: "If the Law supposes that," said Mr. Bumble, "the Law is an Ass — an Idiot. If that’s the Eye of the Law, the Law is a Bachelor; and the worst I wish the Law is that his Eye may be opened by Experience"

"SUBSTANTIAL PROOF OF THE ABOVE"

QUESTION: If the Law is truly an Ass, does that mean Limousine Companies are Donkeys.

OUR OPINION: "UK Minibus Legislation is more than 10 Years Out of Date, the EC is still trying to fit a Round Peg into a Square Hole".

1. Any vehicle with more than 8 seats is classified as a Minibus since 1986. Thousands of Limousines have up to 16 seats, they are clearly not Minibuses.

2. A Minibus must have a COIF certificate to be legally allowed to carry fare-paying passengers. The UK Authorities responsible for this will not issue any COIF certificate for 99.999% of Limousines in the UK.

3. The vast majority of Minibuses in the UK now have to have a Tachograph fitted. We have been advised that they still have not designed a Tacho that will fit onto all Limousines, and when they are fitted they do not even have to be switched on for Private Use.

4. Minibus Legislation allocates 40cm per Person for room to sit. That's fine for sardines, but would you like to pay hundreds of pounds for a Limousine and then sit cross-legged and sweating away in a 40cm space.

5. Many Local Councils have informed their local Limousine Companies that they cannot collect passengers in adjacent areas, ie. in the next Borough – which is sometimes only a very short distance from their registered address. That is classified as Cross Border Hiring which is illegal !

6. In addition the adjacent Local Councils have also informed all Limousine Companies that they cannot register in or out of their area at all and also that they will not licence any Left-Hand Drive Vehicles for Private Hire Purposes anyway. All SuperStretch American Ford & Lincoln Limousines only exist in Left Hand Drive.

7. After all these years the Government is now considering introducing a Special Licence and Compliance Test for Limousines. As of 1st January 2008 this still has not been done.

8. Contract Hire is now being abolished on 28th January 2008. No nationwide system has been created to replace Contract Hire, ie. to allow Bona-Fide Limousine Companies to operate legally in the UK.

9. Thanks to all of the above the only Insurance Company catering for Private Hire for the 16-Seater Limousines has now pulled out of the market. So Bona-Fide Limousine Companies are now having to switch their insurance on to a brand-new scheme, in order to operate legally.

10. Enforcement Officers, when they ruin your Night-Out and make you abandon your Limousine half way through your journey in the middle of nowhere for example at 3am in the morning on your way back from a night-out, claim it's in the interest of Road Safety. All of these Limos have passed Stringent Annual Safety Tests and Monthly Roadworthy Checks in the USA and in the UK and continue to do so today.

Ram has been supplying VIP Limousine Rental in the UK since 1988. He currently operates Hummer Limousine rental and specializes in Hummer Limo Hire and owns the Oldest Established SuperStretch Limousine Hire Company In Europe called AA STRETCH LIMOUSINES.

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Environmental Disaster Law

By: Caldiatech Support
On March 23, 1989, the supertanker Exxon Valdez pulled out of Valdez, Alaska, loaded with more than 56,000,000 gallons of crude oil. Captain Joseph Hazelwood, the Master of the vessel, had spent the day drinking with crew members. He had consumed at least eight vodka doubles and his blood alcohol level stood at .241 - more than six times the permissible level under Coast Guard regulations. Third mate Gregory Cousins was on duty beyond the limits specified by federal fatigue laws. Hazelwood, Cousins and the rest of the crew faced a night voyage through ice in Prince William Sound. Hazelwood's intoxication was evident from the alcohol on his breath, his slurred speech (captured on audiotape) and, most of all, his actions as the ship navigated the sound.
While passing through fishing grounds, Hazelwood took the Exxon Valdez outside established shipping lanes to avoid ice. He put the vessel on automatic pilot, accelerating at Bligh Reef. Hazelwood then left the bridge in violation of Federal Pilotage Regulations. As he went below, Hazelwood gave vague instructions to the inexperienced and fatigued Cousins. Within minutes, the supertanker struck Bligh Reef, spilling 11,000,000 gallons of oil, thereby causing the largest oil spill and greatest environmental disaster at that time experienced in American history.
Following the grounding, lawsuits were filed in Alaska State and Federal Court on behalf of approximately 45,000 individuals, businesses, native corporations and local governments, seeking both compensatory and punitive damages. Most of the state court actions were ultimately removed to federal court. The Federal District Court carefully managed this litigation. It entered hundreds of orders, and the discovery master entered hundreds more. The trial plan provided for four separate phases of trial. The first three phases were to be tried to a single jury of 12 (rather than the customary six), with a unanimous verdict required. Trial proceeded as follows:
1. Phase 1 and began on May 9, 1994, 5 years after the spill, and ended on June 6, 1994. A week later, on June 13, 1994, the jury returned a verdict that both Exxon and Hazelwood had been reckless.
2. Phase IIA went to trial in June 20, 1994, to determine the lost harvest, loss price and permit valuation claims in the Prince William Sound, Kodiak, Cook Inlet, and Chignik salmon and herring fisheries. After deliberating a month (from July 11, 1994 to August 11, 1994), the jury awarded hundreds of millions in compensatory damages on these claims.
3. Phase III was tried between August 22, 1994 and August 29, 1994. In this phase, the jury was asked to decide whether Exxon and/or Hazelwood should be assessed punitive damages, and if so, in what amount. The jury returned its verdict on September 16, 1994, awarding punitive damages against Exxon in the amount of $5 billion and against and Hazelwood in the amount of $5,000.
The compensatory damage claims of all other plaintiffs, not earlier decided in Phase II of the trial, were to have been decided in Phase IV. Phase IV settled before trial, in mid-1996.
Exxon and Hazelwood filed countless post-trial motions. These motions resulted in the District Court issuing approximately 250 pages of rulings. Due to this delay, final judgment was not entered until September 24, 1996. An Amended Judgment was ultimately issued on January 30, 1997.
Appeals and cross appeals next ensued. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued its first decision on November 7, 2001. In essence, the court remanded the case to the trial judge, requesting that Judge Holland evaluate the appropriate amount of punitive damages in light of United States Supreme Court decisions, BMW and Cooper. (It should be noted that neither of these Supreme Court decisions existed at the time of the trial of the Exxon Valdez litigation.)
Ultimately, Judge Holland reluctantly reduced the jury's punitive damage award from $5 billion to $4.5 billion. Judge Holland went on to note that interest on the judgment itself would be somewhere in the range of approximately $2.5 billion. Exxon appealed again.
On Friday, December 22, 2006, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals again issued decision, reducing the punitive damage award against Exxon from $4.5 billion to $2.5 billion. Exxon immediately sought en banc rehearing before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On May 23, 2007, rehearing was denied. This left Exxon with the option of a writ to the United States Supreme Court, which it did.
Incredibly, on October 29, 2007, the United States Supreme Court granted Exxon's Writ, and has agreed to decide the propriety of the revised judgment. The case will likely be argued in during spring, 2008. One Justice, Samuel Alito, recused himself due to ownership of between $100,000 and $250,000 in Exxon stock.
Clearly, this is one of the oldest pieces of environmental disasters litigation in the country. Who would have ever imagined that following one of the largest oil spills in the world, caused by a clearly drunken Captain, over 18 years would pass without one penny in punitive damages being paid to those so greatly damaged by the spill.
From a practical standpoint, many damaged by the spill believe that Exxon has already prevailed because they've literally worn people out. Following the environmental disasters, numerous people were forced into bankruptcy. Since the spill, numerous others have died, leaving their heirs to seek recompense. Even some of the most prominent lawyers involved in the litigation (Melvin M. Belli, Sr., Jerry Cohen, Leonard Ring, Richard Gerry, among others), have since passed away. Though bittersweet, perhaps this tragic litigation is finally nearing completion.
From a legal perspective, there is much to be said about the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals December 22, 2006, opinion. Was the award of $4.5 billion "grossly excessive"? After a defendant displays egregious, reprehensible, conduct sufficient to justify an award of punitive damages, should conduct taken by defendant thereafter serve to reduce a jury's punitive damage award? Perhaps these questions would be best answered through the analysis of cases other than the Exxon Valdez litigation. But, whether one agrees with Judge Schroeder's analysis, or not, surely everyone agrees with her comment, "It is time for this protracted litigation to end."
Unfortunately, with the United States Supreme Court's grant of Exxon's Writ, the saga is guaranteed to continue, and potentially with significant consequence to the victims of this avoidable tragedy.

The Scarlett Law Group are National Trial Lawyers based in San Francisco, California with outstanding result in cases involving Civil Rights,traumatic brain and environmental disasters.automobile accidents.

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The Law of Retaliation in Bible versus Quran

By Dr. Ibrahim Khalil
The law of the Ox (bull) in the Bible

Kill the Ox
Kill the Owner of the Ox
The price of the life of male or female slave is 12 ounces of silver

If an ox gores a man or a woman to death,
• The ox shall surely be stoned to death
• And its flesh shall not be eaten;
• But the owner of the ox shall go unpunished.

If, however, an ox was previously in the habit of goring and its owner has been warned, yet he does not confine it and it kills a man or a woman,
• The ox shall be stoned to death
• And its owner also shall be put to death.

If the ox gores a male or female slave,
• The owner shall give his or her master thirty shekels of silver,
• And the ox shall be stoned to death.

Thirty shekels of silver equal about 12 ounces or 342 grams in weight
This means that the price of the life of male or female slave is 12 ounces of silver!
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The three verses of the Law of the Ox in different versions of the Bible

Exodus 21:28, 29 and 32

New American Standard Bible

28] "If an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall surely be stoned and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall go unpunished.
29] "If, however, an ox was previously in the habit of goring and its owner has been warned, yet he does not confine it and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death.
32] "If the ox gores a male or female slave, the owner shall give his or her master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

King James Version

28] If an ox gores a man or a woman that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.
29] But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.
32] If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
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The law of the Ox (Bull) in the Noble Quran

There is no specific Law for the Ox and/or the Owner of the Ox in the Noble Quran!

However, the two verses 2:178-179 give a general Law in cases of murder

Verse 2:178 says:
O you who believe, the Law of retaliation is prescribed for you on equal terms, regarding the slain, both in the attributes [of the one slain] and in the action involved;
In the matter of the murdered ones;
a free man, is killed, for a free man,
and a slave for a slave,
and a female for a female
a life for a life
The freeman for the freeman, a freeman who premeditatedly kills another freeman And the slave for the slave, a slave who premeditatedly kills another,
And the female for the female, a female who premeditatedly kills another
A life for a life, this is the Law
And for him who is forgiven somewhat by his brother,
Whoever forgives the killing and takes instead blood money,
Allah commands the person who asks for blood money to claim this money according to practiced usage: three years if it is full blood money, two years if it is half of the blood money, or one year if it is a third (and payment unto him)
The person who is required to pay blood money is commanded to give the custodians of the murdered person what is due to them (in kindness) without the need to go to court or making it difficult for them.
This pardon is alleviation, appeasement and a mercy from your Lord towards the killer such that he is not killed.
He who transgresses after this, after taking the blood money and kills the murderer will have a painful doom; he shall be killed and will not be forgiven or allowed to pay blood money.
And verse 2:179 says:
And there is a life for you in the law of retaliation
a continuation of existence and a lesson,
O men of understanding, those who possess sound minds among people,
that you may ward off (evil))
that you may ward off killing one another for fear of retaliation

Chapter 2: AL-BAQARA 178 and 179


﴿178﴾ o ye who believe! the law of retaliation (equality) is prescribed to you in cases of murder: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, the woman for the woman. but if any remissions are made by the brother of the slain, then grant any reasonable demand, and compensate him with handsome gratitude, this is a concession and a mercy from your lord. after this whoever exceeds the limits shall be in grave penalty.
﴿179﴾ in the law of retaliation (equality) there is (saving of) life to you, o ye men of understanding; that ye may restrain yourselves.

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What if the Quran was the Book which commands to kill 1) the Uncircumcised, 2) who curses his parents, 3) the gay, 4) the Zoosexual and the Beast, 5) who works in the Sabbath! 6) Your brother, your son, etc. if they try to turn you away from the LORD and 7) all who live in that town, 8) the prophet and 9) all the Midianites, men, women and boys and 10) the Ox, and the owner. What if the Quran says that the Price of the Life of a human being is 12 Ounces of Silver?
What the Western Media would have said? What names they have given the Quran in such case?
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Back to the main issue of my series of articles; this is my question to you smart readers: "Is the Quran quoted from the Bible?"


About the author:
Professor Dr. Ibrahim Khalil
Prof. of Clinical and Chemical Pathology,
Head of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Unit,
Ain-Shams University., Egypt.
And, President of The Egyptian Society of Inventors.
Member of the Egyptian union of Writers


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